Economic Analysis of Burberry Essays

Monetary Analysis of Burberry Essays Monetary Analysis of Burberry Paper Monetary Analysis of Burberry Paper 1. 0 Introduction There are instruments and procedures that can support proprietors and administrators decide. Anyway these choices depend on simply estimations where the expenses and benefits will go to a breakeven point. The normal breakeven investigation is Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis. This investigation shows that how the expense and benefit changes when the volume change. It investigations the consequences for benefits of changes in factor costs, fixed costs, selling costs, volume, and the items sold. In any case, there was a drawback for this examination which it just spotlights on the breakeven point. In this paper, I for the most part examinations Burberry’s execution and portraying a portion of the companies’ foundation. Other than that, I additionally did some exploration on the structure and the intensity of the extravagance style industry. Burberry had manufactured their situation in the market since 1856. Burberry Group is a British extravagance design house, producing apparel and style adornments. Its unmistakable plaid design has gotten one of its most broadly replicated trademarks. The organization has marked stores and establishments around the globe, and furthermore sells through concessions in outsider stores. It maintains a list business and has a scent line. 2. 0 Burberry Background The Burberry brand was notable for the valid British legacy, novel popularity based situating inside the extravagance field. They are the biggest retailer in United Kingdom. Their establishing standards are quality, capacity and present day exemplary style. The channel coat, trademark check and Prosum horse logo are their all around perceived symbol portfolio. By year 2000, Burberry worked 58 organization possessed stores. 2. 1 History 154 years back, a 21 years of age draper’s student, Thomas Burberry, opened a little outfitter’s shop in Basingstoke Hampshire, England. By year 1870, Burberry concentrated on the quality and advancement in texture and outwear structure which extended the shop into a ‘emporium’. Ten years from that point forward, they concocted Gabardine. Coat is a breathable, weatherproof and ‘tearproof’ texture. In 1891, Thomas Burberry Sons extended their emporium in the West End of London at 30 Haymarket. They built up a forerunner of the channel coat, Tielocken, which was embraced by British officials during the Boer War in 1895. In 1904, the Burberry Equestrian Knight Logo was created containing the Latin word â€Å"Prosum† significance advances and enlisted as a trademark. Burberry was then charged by the War Office to adjust its officer’s coat, to suit the states of British contemporary fighting, bringing about the present day â€Å"trench coat†. During the 1920s, they added a covering to the channel coat, The Burberry Check, which was enlisted as a trademark of Burberry. In 1955, Burberry was granted a Royal Warrant by Her highness Queen Elizabeth II and the subsequent Royal Warrant in 1989. With these notoriety assembled, they turned into a worldwide notable extravagance brand. 2. 2 Products Burberry has different sorts of items. All items are to do with design. The items they give can be seen at the pyramid demonstrated as follows. Burberry brand uniqueness is the licensed Burberry Check. It is a consolidated red, highly contrasting check design. It was made in 1924 and was utilized as covering for the channel coats. It was then utilized for other product including satchels, umbrellas, and scarves. Other than the Burberry trademark check, their mark symbols additionally incorporates channel coat motivated D-rings, stitching and the Prosum equestrian knight logo. The Ansoff Matrix Market Penetration Classic Garments for existing objective market (Trench coats, outwear, and so on. )Item Development Burberry Accessories . e. arena caps, totes, toys, aromas, and so on. Market Development Diffusion extends in mid 1990s for more extensive crowd (Younger Consumers) Diversification N/A 3. 0 Industry 3. 1 Luxury Industry Background Fashion is typically developed from the imagination parts of people’s character. This is an industry where indiv iduals can communicate their maximum capacity of their inventiveness which reflects ones persona. Style industry is excessively founded on each country’s culture which gives the originators intuition and the uniqueness of the design. The United Kingdom (UK) style industry had given an incredible effect on the UK economy. The immediate estimation of the UK design industry to the UK economy is around ? 21 billion which is comparable to 1. 7% of the UK GDP. This immediate effect incorporates producing, wholesaling and retailing of a scope of style products. Buying from the materials segment, promoting and advertising spending, the financial commitment of the style instruction and design media segments additionally the immediate effect of the UK style industry. One of the principle impact is the Value Added Tax (VAT) paid by purchaser while buying style things. It comprises of ? 13. 2 billion from the ? 21 billion. With respect to the aberrant and instigated effect of the UK style industry is determined as more than ? 16 billion. This effect identifies with the spending in different ventures, running from IT to the travel industry. The all out commitment from the UK style industry is more than ? 37 billion. Consistently, Burberry has a place with the design business. Be that as it may, hypothetically, Burberrry has a place with a run of the mill customary extravagance industry. Extravagance merchandise are one of only a handful few genuinely â€Å"global† brands that can pick up from worldwide effectiveness in promoting and creating the item precisely the equivalent in any market that they enter. In UK, this market had developed into an adult market. It is a market of the changing components of socioeconomics, purchaser and design patterns and the requests of new age. The majority of the clothing creation of the players in the business redistribute to different nations. 2 of the principle redistributes are China and Hong Kong. Notwithstanding, UK has a large group of other cost communities including Vietnam, Turkey and Bangladesh. 3. 2 Products in the business There are different items in this industry. Infact, this is similar to people’s every day needs. The accompanying outline characterizes the extravagance segment and the items delivered in this industry. These item sections can be partitioned in geological fragments 3. 3 Industry Structure The opposition in this industry is monopolistic rivalry. There are a huge number of firms in this industry rivaling one another. Instances of firms are, Louis Vuitton, Hermes, Gucci, Prada and so forth. These are not many of those notable extravagance design brand. The nature their items are separated and they have their own uniqueness which causes them to have the command over the cost. 3. 3. 1 The Porter’s Five Forces Model This model can clarify this industry in detail. Dangers of New Entrants It is accepted that new participants won't generally be a danger to the current set up brands. In any case, new originators that start their own image with the right development framework, they can develop rapidly. For this situation, they can pull in unstable center market clients. Yet, they typically can't pull in the stable HNWI clients. Contending with those very much created organizations they will require high capital for the most recent innovations to keep their products up to quality. Furthermore, it is extremely hard to appraise consumers’ tastes which additionally incorporate their different profiles, and representative needs or desires. Little firms don't just structure, assembling, and sell their items, they likewise communicate with their clients and deliberately section their business sectors and channels of dispersion. This will give the new participants the favorable position during the procedure of configuration, assembling and deals. The explanation being is they comprehend their shoppers better and attempt their best to satisfy their requirements. With respect to huge firm, they will experience difficulty understanding their shoppers on account of the chain of importance in the firm. Dealing intensity of Suppliers The bartering intensity of providers supposable to be low since this market has not arrive at their consistency. It is not quite the same as the customary brand where shoppers have their certainty on those brands. Extravagance brands need to construct their consumers’ certainty with showcasing which will cost them a high financial plan. Haggling intensity of Buyers The bartering intensity of purchasers is high. The organizations need to satisfy their consumers’ needs. In the event that the purchaser requires an item yet the store, the store should call up some their branches so as to satisfy the consumers’ needs. Danger of Substitutes There are not a viable alternative for the extravagance style industry except if of not getting it. Extravagance industry as a rule utilize their own marking to draw in their shoppers and keep their steadfastness on the brand with their uniqueness. 3. 4 Industry Performance The extravagance business is becoming amazingly well during the time in any event, during financial stoppage. In year 2009, the extravagance merchandise retailers stand 23% of new store opening. As indicated by a worldwide land guide, CB Richard Ellis (CBRE), extravagance retailers work in more than 25 nations and 50 urban communities worldwide by and large. Contrasting that and the worldwide top retailers, CB Richard Ellis had mapped 294 world’s top retailers across 69 nations which cause the extravagance retailers to have the biggest worldwide nearness of all retail parts. Hong Kong is the most famous goal for extravagance retailers. They draw in 91% of extravagance brands studied as a component of the CBRE study. Followed by London (87%), Dubai (85%) and in conclusion in absolute eight of the main 15 extravagance Asian urban communities including, Taipei, Beijing, Shanghai, and Singapore. In the United States, they spend around $324. 3 billion on attire, adornments, and footwear in 2002 and expanded by 2. 9% ($315. 3 billion) in 2001. The work under this industry had diminished in light of the fact that the greater part of the creation had moved abroad for the explanation of lower cost

Huckleberry Finn: A Trip :: essays research papers

A Trip Within’ The Heart Of A Colorless Boy      In Mark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the primary characters travel inside the heart, not only an outing down the Mississippi River. All through the excursion down the Mississippi River, Huckleberry Finn’s, a destitute whithered stray, musings about prejudice change from a bigot undesirable kid to a genuine individual with his very own feeling fate. All through the novel, Huck portrays his experience and contemplations upon prejudice and disparity among “niggers'; and whites. Huck and “nigger'; Jim, runaway slave, glide down the Mississippi River as inconsistent people, yet towards the finish of the novel Huck recognizes that even African-Americans are as equivalent as white individuals.      Huck never regards the “niggers,'; particularly Jim since Huck and Tom Sawyer, a romanticized companion, ceaselessly pull pranks on Jim so they can feel better than the “black'; race. Despite the fact that Huck gets away from society and his harsh dad, Pap Finn, he keeps on pulling pranks on Jim, since Jim fled from servitude. For instance, when Jim clarifies that he ran off Huck objects however vows not to turn him in despite the fact that “people would call [him] a down and out Abolitionist'; (50). This shows Huck is a caring dependable bigot kid; be that as it may, Huck’s eccentric character “curled [a rattlesnake] up on the foot of Jim’s cover'; as a joke, in spite of the fact that in the night the rattlesnake’s mate bit Jim (59). Also, Huck “warn’t going to let Jim discover it was [his] issue'; nor apologize on the grounds that he would not like to feel low to a “ni gger'; (59). This occurrence shows that Huck despite everything sees himself as better than Jim on account of his skin shading. Now of the novel, Huck is helping Jim get away from which causes him to feel wretched to human advancement; notwithstanding, he keeps on deceiving Jim so he can be better quality. Huck keeps up to treat Jim with little regard and despite the fact that he languishes over the stunt, he never apologizes to Jim.      As they progress down the waterway, Huck starts to understand the genuine character of Jim as an equivalent man with enormity and consideration in his heart. During their ride down the waterway Huck chooses to pull another prank on the purported unintelligent Jim. The last stunt Huck plays on Jim while they are in the haze is making Jim accept that everything that has occurred in the tempest after they severed from one another just happened in Jim’s mind.

Using Argument of Evaluation to Effectively Communicate

Using Argument of Evaluation to Effectively CommunicateArgument of evaluation is a technique in communication that helps you deal with the challenge of human interaction. It would help you to understand how people function and how they interact in situations that require them to create a unified communication. An argument of evaluation is nothing but an attempt to understand how a person approaches something before he starts with his own act of communication. As it is said by Dr. T.S. Paul, 'To agree with someone means to accept what they are saying for the first time.'Arguments of evaluation have three basic issues, namely, assessing the argument, assessing the person and analysing the specific arguments in order to solve the problems. How does one assess the argument? Evaluating the argument can be done by asking the question 'Does the argument to prove the case?' or the more formal, 'Is the argument demonstrable?' It can also be done by asking yourself, 'What is the basis of the a rgument?' These are just some of the basic questions you should ask while analysing an argument.The main issue of this approach to communication is to create a good impression on the other person. We often feel that we need to repeat things to others just to convince them about our point of view. By effectively conveying your own opinions in various ways, you help to make the other person believe in the information you are giving.Since most arguments occur through indirect communication, which usually comes through listening, then the best way to tackle the problem is to have a direct exchange of views. Sometimes, there is an inherent problem with these indirect discussions because of the fact that these situations seem quite familiar. Once again, the best way to tackle such a situation is to have direct exchanges where the topics are new and fresh.As we all know, personal conversations are very difficult to assess. We arenot capable of analysing every single word that is being used when communicating with people we do not know. Therefore, when we listen to a conversation and there is something we can assess, it is best to listen intently.One of the ways to do this is to analyse the difference between the content of the personal conversations and the written communication. If the personal communication seems very homogeneous, then it is a pretty good sign that the listener is actually interested in the conversation. If the personal conversations sound like formal discussions, it means that the listener is probably not interested in the conversation. On the other hand, if the personal conversations do not seem like formal discussions but seem like ordinary discussions, it means that the listener is most likely interested in the conversation.The next thing that should be learnt is to analyse the topics that are brought up during a specific topic. The most effective way to deal with topics is to have an idea about the topics that will be discussed so that you can prepare your arguments well enough to respond to those topics. This is a very simple technique to use and is very useful when you find that a particular discussion seems too broad for you to handle.Finally, having an understanding of the topic being discussed would be very helpful in creating a proper manner of communicating with the other person. By recognising and considering the different factors affecting the situation, you create a well-informed, emotionally balanced, and helpful communication that will serve you in the future.

The American Colonies How They Shaped Societies And...

Matthew Blake Kimberly Taft History 131 24 July 2015 Religion in the American Colonies: How They Shaped Societies and Politics. The main reason so many immigrants fled from Europe was to free themselves from religious persecution. They were being forced to either believe a certain way or pay for a specific religion to be in their country, they were not allowed to believe or practice their beliefs openly without detriment of some sort. The New World was new and had endless possibility and opportunity to get away from such oppression and pursue a life free from prosecution. Granted there was also money to be made and competition with Spain and France to discover the New World which made it promising for the wealthy and aristocrats to invest†¦show more content†¦Ann Hutchinson was one of the founders of Providence, Rhode Island. The Puritans believed that it was possible to have an individual relationship with God without intervening of clergy or aristocracy. Puritans thought that the Bible could be interpreted by any man therefo r they placed great emphasis on teaching their children to read. They also believed that man could govern themselves as long as it was within the Bibles laws, that is where the town meetings come in and they are still in communities today. This also meant that the Bible was their main source of authority and anyone within the community who did not abide by the Bible’s law within the Puritan interpretation would be reprimanded or prosecuted by authorities hence, the Salem Witch Trials that took place in Massachusetts. The Puritans believed that hard work, self-discipline, frugality, and self-reliance would be rewarded with eternal life in heaven. The Puritans did have a democratic view on how their government should be run based on the town meetings where community member could voice opinions or concerns and they would be addressed accordingly. However, they come to the New World to free themselves from persecution but were so self-involved in their own

Autism is Treatable Essay - 2894 Words

Imagine a beautiful baby girl named Laura. She has a dark head of curls and piercing green eyes. Laura’s parents were very happy with her progress because she had (so far) been developing on time. She said her first word at twelve months and stood up for the first time, three months later. Laura was the perfect baby, that is, until four days after her third birthday. Laura had lost her words. She was no longer taking an interest in being around her parents, her older brother, or even the family dog. Laura would sit for hours staring at the spinning wheels of a car and at the connections on the legos instead of driving the car or putting the legos together to build something. No longer would she look into her parents’ eyes and imitate the†¦show more content†¦As of now, a person would not be able to tell that, at her well-baby check up four days after her third birthday, Laura was diagnosed with autism. There ARE treatments that are proven to help reduce the sym ptoms of autism. One just has to know where to look and not give up, even when it seems hopeless. Autism is defined as, â€Å"A complex neurobehavioral disorder that includes impairments in social interaction and developmental language and communication skills and rigid, repetitive behaviors. The disorder covers a large spectrum of symptoms, skills, and levels of impairment. It ranges in severity from a handicap that limits an otherwise normal life to a devastating disability that may require institutional care.† (Melillo, 1) The cognitive symptoms of autism include a lack of empathy, problems developing non-verbal skills such as eye contact, and no interest in sharing with others. Those on the autism spectrum may also have trouble making friends their own age due to the delay of cognitive and physical development. (Autism Symptoms, 1) Autism affects the development of verbal communication by delaying or preventing the person diagnosed from learning to talk. People with autism may also have trouble starting and continuing conversations or a stereotyped and repetitive use of language, as well as a difficulty understanding their listener’s views. (Autism Symptoms, 1) A person diagnosed with autism may also have odd or abnormal sensory perceptions. ForShow MoreRelatedIntroduction. Managing Autism Can Be A Challenge To Cope1397 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Managing autism can be a challenge to cope with in any family with-out understanding ASD. In the article, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Catherine Lord explains autism spectrum disorder, or ASD, as a neurodevelopmental syndrome that is defined by deficits in social reciprocity and communication, and by unusual restricted, repetitive disorder (2000. P355). 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Thomas Szasz stated this about autism, â€Å"With the passing of the years, my earlier conviction that conflict and disagreement are not diseases has only grown, and with it my conviction that listening and talking are not instances ofRead MoreAutism Spectrum, Asperger, And Pervasive Development Disorder1519 Words   |  7 PagesThe autism spectrum consists of three main disorders, autism, Asperger s, and pervasive development disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). One issue regarding disorders on the autism spectrum is the minimal research funding for them. While treatable diseases are heavily studied due to the search for a cure, the disorders on the autism spectrum cannot be treated. 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Smoking and Lung Cancer Essay - 1448 Words

Smoking and Lung Cancer Lung Cancer accounts for fifteen percent of all cancer cases, and an estimated 170,000 people in the United States get lung cancer a year. (5)About 155,000 of those people die from the cancer. Recently, the rate of women affected by lung cancer has increased, while the rate of men affected has decreased. However, lung cancer is the leading cancer that kills both women and men. (1) So, what is lung cancer? Lung cancer is the uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells in the lung. (5) There are two main types of lung cancer: non-small cell and small- cell lung cancer. Non-small cell lung cancer (or NSCLC) is more common than small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and occurs in about 80% of all lung cancer cases. (3)†¦show more content†¦(5) SCLC, also known as oat cell carcinoma, has no divisions. It starts in the large breathing tubes, and grows fairly rapidly. This type of lung cancer is usually very large by the time it is diagnosed. (5) There are also different stages of lung cancer. For NSCLC, there are four main stages. Stage I A/B is when the tumor has spread to the lymph nodes that are associated with the lung. (2) Stage II A/B is when the tumor has spread to the lymph nodes in the tracheal area, including the chest wall and the diaphragm. Stage III A is when the tumor has spread to lymph nodes on the opposite lung or on the neck. Finally, Stage IV, the most severe stage, is when the tumor has spread beyond the chest. (2) On the other hand, SCLC only has two stages of cancer growth. Limited is when the tumor is only found in one lung and the nearby lymph nodes. Extensive is when the tumor has spread beyond the lung into other organs. The treatments for lung cancer depend on the type, location, and size of the cancer. (3) One option is to remove the tumor through surgery; however, it depends on the location of the tumor. A surgeon can perform a resection, which is a removal of part of the lung. 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Communication For Managers Characteristics of Business

Question: Discuss about the Communication For Managers of Characteristics of Business. Answer: Describe five characteristics of effective business messages. Communication is the soul of every business. It serves as the content and channel for ones vision, ideas, novelty, plans, strategies and solutions. Effective business communication is the chief aspect for professional success and strong interpersonal relationships. Effective communication should be engaging, encouraging, eloquent, meaningful and informative.[1] Business-related messages are usually communicated through e-mails, instant messaging, phone calls, answering machines, documentations, presentations, etc. These messages need to have the five major characteristics, i.e., the five Cs, in order to be effective and constructive. Courteousness And Conversational Tone A business message should have a pleasant and polite tone. Its important to show gallantry to encourage a response from the recipient. One should refrain from sounding too emotional, confrontational and complaining. Even if there is a disagreement or clash of thoughts; its important to maintain the courtesy and decency.[2] Instead of insulting and disgracing each other; professionals should try to maintain the decorum and civility. Positive words, pleasing tone and calmness make a business message turn out to be an effective one. Conciseness Being concise is one of the key elements for an effective business communication. Pitching the ideas and thoughts in a precise and crisp manner not only saves the crucial time of the business parties but also emphasizes on the actual and concrete message that needs to be communicated. Lengthy expressions, repetitive content and fillers might subdue or suppress the subject of the message. Eliminating unnecessary phrases, selecting action verbs, avoiding doublets and using active voice could help in creating a terse and defined business message.[3] Correctness And Accuracy Leaving a message with wrong information or confusing content is not only embarrassing but also unprofessional, time consuming and costly. Grammatical errors, misspelled names and wrong pronunciation could hamper the communication process.[4] Slangs and jargons ruin the essence of business communication. Before sending an e-mail or dialling a client; facts, figures, dates, spellings, punctuation marks and grammar should be thoroughly checked. Written messages should be edited and revised. Clarity The business message should be framed according to the receivers level of understanding and interest. Clearly stating the business idea, objectives, plan of action, procedures and issues help in creating a structured and organized message. Moreover, clarity implies ease of perception by being accessible and readable to the business partners, clients or employees. Completedness Written and verbal business communication is effective when the messages are complete. A good test is to evaluate whether the following questions: What, Who, When, Where, Why and How are answered well in the message or not.[5] Who Who is the intended receiver and does the business message contain content appropriate for the receiver? What What is the objective and what do the clients, associates and business partners need to perform? What challenges and issues have been discussed? When When is the meeting going to be held? When is the conference being organized? When is the product being launched? By when is the receiver expected to respond? Where Venue, electronic addresses, postal addresses, fax numbers, telephone numbers, etc. Where is the respondent expected to contact or reach? Why Why are the plans being formulated? Why is the involvement of reader necessary? How How the receivers are required to contribute to the proposal? How is the business proposal beneficial to the parties? Before conducting business in a foreign country, why is it worthwhile to learn common phrases in the native language even if your clients there will speak English? Todays economy is increasingly globalized and companies are constantly expanding overseas and dealing with clients from all over the world; therefore learning foreign language becomes self-evident. Though, there is no denying the importance of English language as a common means of communication across the globe, but learning common phrases in the native language of the clients and collaborators could reinforce cross-cultural understanding and build healthier or stronger connections.[6] Learning a foreign language is much beyond the grammar and vocabulary, in fact it strengthens the business relations, encourages cooperation, avoids confusion or misperception and helps in taking better decisions. Communicating comfortably with a native speaker encourages efficient and smooth business across big and complex markets. Making an effort to interact with the clients in their native language would reassure them about the business relationship going a long way. Languages are the bedrock of the worlds cultural heritage; understanding a language requires understanding its cultural component too. Learning a foreign language does not imply cramming a few sentences or phrases, in fact it encompasses proper usage of words, tone, expressions and attitude.[7] Therefore, for global competitors the most important factor is to be able to communicate in the native language of their clients on a wider and clearer basis. This uplifts the image of the organization and opens up better business opportunities. Moreover, expanding business in international markets is strongly dependent upon the level of customer awareness and customer satisfaction. This depends on how well the organization interacts and connects with the customers. Interacting in their native language would make the customers feel comfortable, contented and connected. The global marketing strategies should accentuate the culture, values, language and style of the target market. This understanding, respect and care for the customers would definitely have a positive impact on the growth and success of the business. As a result the business would get showered with trust, loyalty and positive word of mouth.[8] Scientific studies have proved that learning, appreciating and understanding the native language of the business partners, clients, suppliers and customers stimulate creativity and boost productive thinking. One of the renowned psychologists, Dr. Thomas Bak has explored that learning the native language of clients is an effective mental exercise and organizations begin to understand the world from the perspective of another culture and are empowered to have a broader horizon. Creative thinking and collaborated vision bring wonders to the business.[9] Just like language is the bridge to other countries, it is a tool expand business and shine globally. Though learning a foreign language requires substantial commitment of time and money but the incentives to learn a second language are compelling. What are the five common techniques for developing paragraphs? Thoughts, ideas and facts in writing should be presented in an organized and structured format. A paragraph, especially a business message, should be able to express the purpose, facts, issues, challenges, reasoning, characteristics and approach. In order to write an effective paragraph; its important to understand and follow the common principles or techniques for paragraph development. Development By Description A paragraph needs to be developed by details of facts, places, processes, relationships and people. Every idea needs to be adequately explained and supported through details. The descriptive mode helps the writer recreate the entire experience for the readers. Details of the setting and characters help readers mentally visualize the events. This makes the entire paragraph more explicit and interesting as it uses specific details and supporting ideas. This technique emphasises on sequence of events and proper arrangement of ideas which is quite useful for relaying background information and historical events.[10] Development Using Cause And Effect This technique is either used to highlight the impact and possible outcomes of an event, action and condition or to analyze and discuss the reasons or causes of certain incidents or circumstances. Here, the writer can use signal words like because, due to, as a result, therefore, consequently, etc.[11] For instance: The foreign collaborators are planning to visit us next week, therefore, our team has decided to conduct a cross-cultural training session for better understanding and healthy relations. Employees would be able to interact well with the collaborators without any hesitation which can open up doors for more opportunities. The above paragraph clearly states that since the overseas clients are planning to visit the organization (reason), the team needs to prepare well for strong business relations and prospective opportunities (possible outcomes). Development By Comparison And Contrast This is a helpful technique for either emphasizing on the similarities or focusing on the differences between people, objects, places, situations and ideas in order to reach a judgement or conclusion. This method offers a unique slant on the differences and similarities.[12] This technique is effective if: The writer has sufficient number of points to compare and contrast. The writer compares and contrasts the first point of first topic with the first point of second topic in a logical manner. Writing all the details, facts and ideas about the first topic and then presenting the entire information and supporting details of the other part. Achieving coherence by carefully using the transitions. Development Through Illustrations And Examples One of the most effective ways to support the validity of a conclusion is to cite a few examples. Development by instances, evidences and cases substantiate the idea contained in the topic sentence. Examples contribute vividness and concreteness to the paragraph. An illustration paragraph is a story mentioning the time, action, place, process which supports and develops the central subject. It takes the narrative mode in chronological order. The examples and illustrations grab the concentration and interest of the readers.[13] Development By Classification This technique provides a logical categorization of large number of items making the paragraph comprehensible. The transitional expressions that are used are: can be divided, can be classified, can be categorized, on the basis of, the first type, the last type, etc.[14] For instance: The HR team has evaluated the employees on the scale of 10, on the basis of: Skills and competencies Ratings (1-10) Communication skills Discipline Professional attitude Creativity and out of box thinking Problem solving ability References Renee, M., Characteristics of business messages, https://smallbusiness.chron.com/five-characteristics-business-messages-22092.html, 2016, (accessed 7 July 2016). Callaway, C., Characteristics of effective messages in business communication, https://www.ehow.com/info_8282358_five-effective-messages-business-communication.html, 2015, (accessed 7 July 2016). Turner, J., and N. Reinsch, The Business Communicator as Presence Allocator: Multi-communicating, Equivocality, and Status at Work, vol. 44, no. 36, 2007, pp. 54-60. McLean S., Business communication for success, London, Oxford University Press, 2012. Bryant H., Business and Report writing skills, Australia, Charles Strut University Press, 2008. Moreau, R., The value of foreign language in business communication, Journal of business information and decision making, vol. 16, no. 3, 2013, pp. 4-12. Brown, M., The benefits of learning a foreign language, https://www.newsminer.com/business/the-benefits-of-learning-a-foreign language/article_d189bc9c-b7e0-11e3-b994-0017a43b2370.html, 2014, (accessed 7 July 2016). Chau, L., Why you should learn another language, https://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/economic-intelligence/2014/01/29/the-business-benefits-of-learning-a-foreign-language, 2014, (accessed 7 July 2016). Jolin, L., Why language skills are great for businesses, https://www.theguardian.com/small-business-network/2014/dec/16/language-skills-great-business, 2014, (accessed 7 July 2016). Lorcher, T., Basic methods of paragraph development, https://www.brighthubeducation.com/help-with-writing/34215-methods-of-paragraph-development/, 2012, (accessed 7 July 2016). Green, C., Paragraph development and introduction to the essay, Ney York, McGraw-Hill, 2008. Arnaudet, M., and M. Barrett, Paragraph development, 2nd edn., New Jersey, Pearson education, 1990. Grow, G., Types of paragraph development Journal of journalism, vol. 11, no. 3, 1999, pp. 10-16. Starros, A., Paragraph development: Building better support, https://www.lbcc.edu/astarros/documents/paragraph.development.PP.pdf, 2010, (accessed 9 July 2016). [1] M. Renee, Characteristics of business messages, https://smallbusiness.chron.com/five-characteristics-business-messages-22092.html, 2016, (accessed 7July 2016). [2] C. Callaway, Characteristics of effective messages in business communication, https://www.ehow.com/info_8282358_five-effective-messages-business-communication.html, 2015, (accessed 7 July 2016). [3] J. Turner and N. Reinsch, The Business Communicator as Presence Allocator: Multi-communicating, Equivocality, and Status at Work, Journal of Business Communication, vol. 44, no. 36, 2007, pp. 54-60. [4] S. McLean, Business communication for success, London, Oxford University Press, 2012, pp. 101-320. [5] H. Bryant, Business and Report writing skills, Australia, Charles Strut University Press, 2008, pp. 20-48. [6] R. Moreau, The value of foreign language in business communication, Journal of business information and decision making, vol. 16, no. 3, 2013, pp. 4-12. [7] M. Brown, The benefits of learning a foreign language, https://www.newsminer.com/business/the-benefits-of-learning-a-foreign-language/article_d189bc9c-b7e0-11e3-b994-0017a43b2370.html, 2014, (accessed 7 July 2016). [8] L. Chau, Why you should learn another language, https://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/economic-intelligence/2014/01/29/the-business-benefits-of-learning-a-foreign-language, 2014, (accessed 7 July 2016). [9]L. Jolin, Why language skills are great for businesses, https://www.theguardian.com/small-business-network/2014/dec/16/language-skills-great-business, 2014, (accessed 7 July 2016). [10]T. Lorcher, Basic methods of paragraph development, https://www.brighthubeducation.com/help-with-writing/34215-methods-of-paragraph-development/, 2012, (accessed 7 July 2016). [11] C. Green, Paragraph development and introduction to the essay, New York, McGraw-Hill, 2008, p. 20. [12] M. Arnaudet and M. Barrett, Paragraph development, 2nd edn., New Jersey, Pearson education, 1990, pp. 30-45. [13] G. Grow, Types of paragraph development Journal of journalism, vol. 11, no. 3, 1999, pp. 10-16. [14]A. Starros, Paragraph development: Building better support, https://www.lbcc.edu/astarros/documents/paragraph.development.PP.pdf, 2010, (accessed 9 July 2016).

Examinnig Social Exclusion Faced By Elderly People Social Work Essay Essay Example

Examinnig Social Exclusion Faced By Elderly People Social Work Essay Essay This instance analyze intends to analyze the demographic factors that are likely to hold an impact on societal exclusion, and in this instance with respect to aged people in modern-day society. It is important to analyze alterations within the British lodging policy since 1979 in order to measure the current state of affairs that aged people are faced with. Over the past few decennaries lodging jobs have affected cultural minorities, mentally sick persons and adult females ; nevertheless this instance survey will concentrate entirely on the surveies stand foring such claims in relation to aged citizens. However, one of the effects of presenting the term social exclusion was that it led some people to presume that low income and disaffection were basically unconnected and that each could be considered individually when developing policy.A This, in bend, led to the inclination in some circles to downgrade the importance of turn toing issues of low income, on the evidences that its consequence was merely to restrict the stuff goods that a family could get instead than holding any broad societal impact. In order to turn to sociologically the deductions that the British Housing Act has had on the aged in relation to lodging and societal exclusion it is important to reexamine the policy itself to turn to the constructions and hence any reverberations ; at the bend of the millenary there were more people populating in or on the borders of poorness that at any clip in British history. Harmonizing to this most strict study of poorness and societal exclusion of all time undertaken, by the te rminal of 1999 about 14 million people in Britain, or 25 % of the population were objectively populating in poorness. ( Pantaziz, p1 ) We will write a custom essay sample on Examinnig Social Exclusion Faced By Elderly People Social Work Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Examinnig Social Exclusion Faced By Elderly People Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Examinnig Social Exclusion Faced By Elderly People Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Furthermore, believing sociologically the issue of societal exclusion must be addressed as it is a cardinal sociological argument in modern times. The older coevalss in our societies are capable to societal exclusion in many ways, for illustration ; not surprisingly poorer pensionaries, peculiarly older pensionary twosomes are by and large more likely to describe being excessively old, ill, vomit or disenable to take part in societal activities. ( Pantaziz, p451 ) Thus an association can be made between lodging jobs and societal exclusion as they both come under the umbrella of poorness. It is evident that if older members of society can non afford to partake in common societal activities they will go stray from society. Furthermore, a study carried out by The Age concern in 2002 found that one in three older people felt that fright of offense affected their quality of life and made them experience lonely and stray. ( Pantaziz, p451 ) Therefore, one can presume a nexus between the quality of lodging for older citizens and where their home is situated, frequently in low-level parts of communities, where the hazard off offense is increased. Consequently poorness is clearly a major cause of pensionary exclusion ; it is associated with restricted public-service corporation service usage, increased debts, inability to entree aged services, inability to take part in common societal activities and increased parturiency, societal isolation and deficiency of societal support. ( Pantaziz, p451 ) In add-on, the type of lodging aged occupants live in are frequently highly old belongingss with old adjustments and are in hapless fix, yet they do non hold the financess to modernize or do such fixs and are hence viewed as life below the poorness line due to the status of their belongingss. The statistics below from The Office for National Statistics 2006 depict how the quality of life does fall with age and this can be linked to the type of lodging an single lives in. Quality of life of people aged 50 and over by age measured by CASP-19 tonss, England, 2006 For adult females, the overall quality of life additions between the age groups of 50-54 and 55-59 but thereafter lessenings with age. For work forces there is a similar form but it occurs somewhat subsequently. The overall quality of life additions between the age groups of 55-59 and 60-64 but so decreases with age. In other words, for both adult females and work forces, the quality of life tonss decrease from province pension age onwards with the fastest diminution happening after the age of 70. ( National Statistics Online 2006 ) This could so intend that regardless of the lodging and fiscal state of affairs elderly citizens may happen themselves in, they will ever be given to lose their quality of life with age as a natural impairment. In order to grok the consequence of The British Housing Policy since 1979 had on the aged with respect to lodging and societal exclusion, it is besides of import to recognize that welfare regimes play an of import function in diminishing the hazards of poorness and poorness related societal exposure among aged people. ( Avramor, p.36 ) However, the two chief boards of the lodging policy since have been, foremost, the thrust to widen proprietor business every bit far as possible and, 2nd, to retrench badly outgo on council lodging by raising rents, denationalization and cuts in bricks and howitzer subsides and investing. Housing policy has therefore played a direct function in the growing of both homelessness and term of office population by marginalizing renters and restricting the supply of societal rented lodging. ( Laybourn, p46 ) The work of Ray Forrest and Alan Murie has reviewed the widespread proviso of public lodging and notes how the of import alterations since 1979 include the sale of council lodging and other stairss taking to the privitisation of lodging have in fact had affects on the lodging of the aged. ( Van Vliet, p97 ) It can hence be acclaimed that the election in 1979 has had a important impact on lodging in this state, for illustration ; the decrease in the size of public lodging sector has become portion of a general scheme to restructure and cut down province proviso across the whole scope of public assistance beginnings, including instruction, wellness and lodging. Therefore with this ethos the proportion of aged families in income unstable conditions would stand at 30 per centum were it non for the benefits that supplement pensions and unequal incomes from work and private beginnings. But one time societal benefits are included, income precariousness among the aged falls to 22 per centum. ( Avramor, p.36 ) Furthermore while the auxiliary benefits system is rather effectual in comparative footings in the UK, the proportion of aged who remain in income precariousness conditions affects every bit many as three out of 10 aged families. ( Avramor, p.36 ) It is of involvement to research the effects that face non merely aged people but besides minority cultural older people. After researching this subject it has become evident that ; it is possible that the presence of older relations within the larger family is diagnostic of a deficiency of lodging for minority cultural older people. ( Somerville, p54 ) In add-on there has been an increasing organic structure of work that has examined the lodging demands of minority cultural older people. Blakemore and Boneham 1994 and Bright 1996 have studied the minority older people who are populating in sheltered adjustment ; it may be, nevertheless, that a greater precedence for many families is the proviso of adjustment that would let older people to populate with their households if they so wish. In these instances, it would be more appropriate to help the families to widen bing adjustment and to supply appropriate societal services support for older people within a family, instead than to su pply specialist adjustment, separated from households. ( Somerville, p55 ) Although despite considerable accomplishments in poorness alleviation, the aged are over represented among low income and hapless families. Sing the disadvantages experienced in regard of lodging and families durable goodss, we can detect both age and generational-based alterations in the perceptual experience of demands and outlooks, with the aged by and large being more satisfied even when they own seeable less than younger people. In developed states, societal exclusion lodging jobs by and large concern their comparative hapless who are to a big extent socially disadvantaged non-working or public assistance dependant. The societal exclusion lodging jobs particularly concern big low-cost lodging rental estates where renters are mostly confined in their ain excluded sub-society and this seems to be where a bulk of aged citizens live ; accordingly supplying a nexus between poorness, societal exclusion and lodging jobs for the aged. This instance survey outlines how aged citizens face and go on to confront a hapless quality of lodging and a sense of isolation and exclusion in modern-day society. Bibliography Avramov, D. ( 2002 ) People, human ecology and societal exclusion. Council of Europe. Fulcher, J A ; Scott, J. ( 2007 ) Sociology, Oxford. Oxford University Press. Glennerster, H. ( 2004 ) One hundred old ages of poorness and policy. Joseph Rowntree Foundation. Laybourn, K. ( 2003 ) Modern Britain since 1979: a reader. IB Tauris. Pantaziz, C. ( 2006 ) Poverty and Social exclusion in Britain: the millenary study. The Policy imperativeness. Somerville, P. ( 2002 ) Race, lodging and societal exclusion. Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Somerville, P. ( 1998 ) Explanations of societal exclusion: where does lodging tantrum in? Housing Surveies, vol 13, no 4: 761-780. Vliet Van, W. ( 1985 ) Housing demands and policy attacks: tendencies in 13 states. Duke University Press. Office for National Statistics ( 2006 ) Focus On Older People ; hypertext transfer protocols: //www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_compendia/foop05/OlderPeopleOverview.pdf and hypertext transfer protocol: //www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp? id=2174 Office for National Statistics ( 2001 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.statistics.gov.uk/focuson/ethnicity/ A Case Study stand foring the lodging jobs encountered by black and cultural minority groups and backgrounds with mention to relevant elements of British Hosing Policy since 1979. This Case Study will besides show a clear apprehension of the construct of Social Exclusion experienced by the people within these groups, This instance analyze intends to analyze the lodging jobs that black and cultural minority persons are faced with in modern-day society. Ethnic minority workers were discriminated against in lodging, instruction and societal policy, and underrepresented in trade brotherhoods and political life. ( Laybourn, p.245 ) Furthermore ; While Britain in 1979 benefited from a richly diverse society, methods of battling the racism, favoritism and disadvantage that affected cultural grouping has non yet been developed. ( Laybourn, p245 ) The instance analyze intends to discourse the political and societal facets of the lodging state of affairs for black and cultural minorities. Social facets will concentrate upon societal exclusion and favoritism including both theories and statistics to expose sociological issues. The sociologist John Rex suggested that in lodging, employment, instruction and urban planning immigrant minorities from Asia, Africa and the West Indies have suffered disadvantage due to racial favoritism. Furthermore Rex and Robert Moore ( 1967 ) , in their well known survey on race dealingss in Birmingham unearthed how black and cultural minorities do in fact face societal exclusion with respect to lodging. The sociologists examined the function of urban gatekeepers, such as landlords, constructing society directors and lodging functionaries, in the distribution of adjustment. It is evident that the local authorization s processs for apportioning council lodging were peculiarly critical in finding which groups occupied which lodging in which countries ; eligibility for council houses depended foremost on being a occupant for five old ages and so on the figure of points accumulated, which took history of such affairs as bing lodging conditions, wellness and war service. ( Fulcher A ; Scott, p505 ) Furthermore Rex and Moore suggested how such standards necessarily disadvantaged the cultural minorities, who were forced into lodging houses by the five old ages abode regulation. Furthermore, when they had met this demand and had accumulated adequate points to do them eligible for council lodging, they by and large found that they were allocated hapless quality lodging in slum countries. Rex and Moore noted that the standards used by the Housing Visitor, who allocated Council Housing, were non made populace, and at that place was plentifulness of range here for favoritism on racial evidences. ( Fulcher A ; Scott, p505 ) The survey does show the restrictions in understanding cultural competition for countries. Such competition has occurred but within a model of local authorization ordinance and a construction of cultural relationships. ( Fulcher A ; Scott 2007 ) However, the standard antecedently used by local governments has since changed, yet this can give rise to a set of different jobs. Housing is now supplied and allocated on a footing of demand, but when locals have been waiting and are overtaken by an immigrants it causes much contention within a community. Within the United Kingdom, in-migration has been a cardinal political issue in recent old ages for a figure of grounds such as illegal in-migration, unemployment, offense and race relation issues. With mention to this survey it is noteworthy that lodging is another cardinal issue that has arisen within the subject of in-migration. It is necessary to see national statistics on lodging and cultural minorities to estimate the jobs of societal exclusion that they may be faced with and to detect how their populations may impact the type of quality of lodging that they inhabit. The diagram below depicts which cultural group has the largest families. Size of families can be related to lodging type and criterion and hence societal exclusion as larger households that are populating below the poorness line find themselves capable to favoritism. Average family size: by cultural group of family mention individual, April 2001, GB The information portrays how Asiatic families are larger than any other cultural groups. Households headed by a Bangladeshi individual were the largest of all with an mean size of 4.5 people in April 2001, followed by Pakistani families ( 4.1 people ) and Indian families ( 3.3 people ) . ( Office for National Statistics 2001 ) Furthermore the smallest families were found among the White Irish ( mean size 2.1 people ) . Black Caribbean and White British families were the following smallest, both with an mean size of 2.3 people. All these groups have an older age construction than other cultural groups, and incorporate a higher proportion of one-man families. Thirty-eight per cent of Black Caribbean families, 37 per cent of White Irish families and 31 per cent of White British families contained merely one individual. Merely 9 per cent of Bangladeshi families contained merely one individual. ( Office for National Statistics 2001 ) Somerville emphasises the statistics ; the lodging plac e of minorities consequences from a assortment of external forces, chiefly to make with the prejudiced behavior of persons and the actions/policies of lodging market establishments and exchange professionals. Therefore structural restraints take theoretical primacy over single picks. ( Somerville, p29 ) Thinking sociologically, in order to discourse how lodging jobs may socially except cultural minorities, statistics demoing the different types of house ownership amongst such minorities allows one to separate the current state of affairs in modern-day society and set up any tendencies. Home ownership: by cultural group, April 2001 Sarin Black African, Other Black and Bangladeshi families were the least likely to have their ain places. Around a one-fourth of Black African families ( 26 per cent ) and less than two-fifths of Other Black and Bangladeshi families ( 36 per cent and 37 per cent ) were home-owners in 2001. Black African and Bangladeshi families were most likely to be populating in socially rented adjustment. In 2001, around a half of Black African families ( 50 per cent ) and Bangladeshi families ( 48 per cent ) lived in socially rented adjustment. Between 1991 and 2001 place ownership rates fell for Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Black African families. During that period place ownership decreased from 82 per cent to 76 per cent for Indian families, from 76 per cent to 67 per cent for Pakistani families, from 44 per cent to 37 per cent for Bangladeshi families and from 28 per cent to 26 per cent for Black African families. ( National Statistics Online 2001 ) It is evident that the societal rented sect or plays an of import function in the lodging of cultural minority families. This is peculiarly true for African Caribbean families ; 45 per cent of whom are housed by local governments or lodging associates harmonizing to the 1991 Census compared with 24 per cent of white families. ( Somerville, p77 ) Social exclusion faces many cultural minorities within the UK today ; this instance survey has proved such issues. A survey by Patterson ( 1963 ) depicts how Brixton in cardinal Lambeth had important degrees of in-migration from the West Indies that began in 1948. Poor economic chances in the country among the black and white populations led those who felt themselves to be different from one another to come into struggle over economic resources. The chief country of competition and struggle between black and white occupants was lodging. As a consequence of wartime devastation, there was a general deficit of lodging in the country. As a consequence, African Caribbean migrators were concentrated in the worst and comparatively expensive lodging. Therefore, housing segregation and the differing experiences of those in the black and white communities has a footing for serious cultural misinterpretation and provided fertile land for the growing of ill will and struggle. ( Fulcher A ; S cott, p219 ) This therefore reiterates the societal exclusions that cultural minorities face in modern-day society and how lodging state of affairss heightens such exclusion. This instance survey outlines a few cardinal issues that face cultural minorities within Great Britain today. It has been established that as a societal group they face stigmitisation in society, in peculiar where lodging is concerned. The Labour authorities elected in 1997, did non explicitly deny the being of poorness as its conservative predecessors had done, it recongised the beings of important want in income, assets and living conditions. ( Fulcher A ; Scott 2007 ) This want has non, nevertheless, been seen as a consequence of inequality as such. Rather it is seen as reflecting procedures of societal exclusion, a societal procedure that minoritie still face today.

Entelodon (Killer Pig) - Facts and Figures

Entelodon (Killer Pig) - Facts and Figures Name: Entelodon (Greek for perfect teeth); pronounced en-TELL-oh-don; also known as the Killer Pig Habitat: Plains of Eurasia Historical Epoch: Late Eocene-Middle Oligocene (37-27 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 10 feet long and 1,000 pounds Diet: Omnivorous Distinguishing Characteristics: Large head with prominent snout; warts on cheeks About Entelodon (Killer Pig) Plucked from prehistoric obscurity thanks to cameos on nature documentaries like Walking with Beasts and Prehistoric Predators, Entelodon has been immortalized as the Killer Pig, even though (like modern pigs) this megafauna mammal ate plants as well as meat. Entelodon was about the size of a cow, and it had a noticeably (and hugely) pig-like face, with wart-like, bone-supported wattles on its cheeks and an extended snout studded with dangerous-looking teeth. Like many mammals of the Eocene epochonly 30 million or so years after the dinosaurs went extinctEntelodon also had an unusually small brain for its size, and was probably not the brightest omnivore of its Eurasian habitat. Somewhat confusingly, Enteledon has lent its name to an entire family of megafauna mammals, the entelodonts, which also includes the slightly smaller Daeodon of North America. Entelodonts, in their turn, were preyed on by creodonts, a family of thickly built, vaguely wolf-like mammals (which have left no close living descendants) typified by Hyaenodon and Sarkastodon. To show how difficult it can be to classify Eocene mammals, its now believed that Entelodon may have been more closely related to modern hippopotamuses, or even whales, than to modern pigs!

Marketing Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

Marketing Communication - Essay Example esses for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large† (American Marketing Association, n.d.). Proper communication is very important for the success of any marketing strategy. Again proper strategy has to be adopted to communicate all those necessary information regarding the product, price, promotion and place. So it is clear that marketing and communication both are interconnected and success of one is dependent on the other. Marketing communication mix is comprised of different marketing communication elements like advertising, public relation, sales promotion, direct marketing etc. These are needed to be followed to achieve various marketing objectives. In 2012 summer Olympic Games will take place in London from 27 July to 12 August. Then there will be 2012 Paralympic games which would start from 29 August to 9 September. This is the third time that London would be hosting the Olympic Games. 2012 Olympic Games would be taking place in some of the new venues along with historic and existing facilities (London Olympics 2012, n.d.). London Organising Committee would be in charge of running the games. The logo of London Olympic has created lot of controversy in the recent past. Communication would be one of the most important factors for the success of such a mega event. Since it is a sports mega event quite obviously young generation of the world would be the major target of the communication strategies. But it has been found quite difficult to communicate anything to today’s youth. In this essay two major issues regarding this mega event are discussed. One is challenges that are likely to face by the organising committee while communicating to today’s youth and another one appropriate strategies and promotional tools for the communication of this event. Youth represents the main section of world population in the world today. They are the future of this globe. It is

The Relationship Between the Retail Price of Gasoline and the World Essay

The Relationship Between the Retail Price of Gasoline and the World Demand for Crude Oil - Essay Example It can found in much abundance in one place which cease to exist at some other country. This instability in the geographic distribution of crude oil makes it quite an important resource to be present in any country. The countries with its abundant deposits are on the top of the food chain economically and the countries with lesser deposits of it are quite weak economically. Hence proving the significance of crude oil for economies. Now crude oil is not only used for production of Gasoline but many other petroleum products are extracted from it. From this we can extract that crude oil has more demand as a commodity and is not only required for the production of gasoline. Gasoline is a refined form of crude oil. Crude oil is extracted or purchased in raw form and goes through various refining processes to produce gasoline. Gasoline has become as the basic commodity which has been in use for decades now as the primary fuel for powering transportation. The transportation requirements hav e been increasing each year as the population of the world increases by a significant percentage each year. Hence increasing the amount of fuel being consumed each year and the demand for gasoline. Now gasoline and crude oil have developed a relationship in which the demand for both are increasing but Gasoline is dependent on crude oil for its production hence making it the dependent product. The global demand for both gasoline and crude oil is on the rise and with no new large deposits being excavated the supply is not increasing much and the demand is growing making the prices for both oil and gasoline head upward. The gasoline we purchase majorly includes the cost of Crude oil , the refining , marketing and distribution and the taxes. So from this we can infer that there is a inversely relationship between the supply of crude oil and the price of gasoline. Also in the years we have seen where the oil prices have dropped but gasoline prices have risen which is due to the fact that there are disruptions in the supply of oil due to unrest in the middle east. (Fuel, 2011) We also can observe this for a fact that the prices of gasoline rise accordingly with the rise of crude oil price but they don’t fall at the same rate when price of crude oil falls. The matter behind this fact is that when prices are high , the retailer have to increase it so that they cover up for their profit margins but what makes the retailers bring price down when the price for crude oil falls is competition. In competition the retailers bring down a few cents to draw in more customers and so on the process continues until they reach a point where they reach their original profit margins or the price of crude oil again increases. Also the demand imbalance of gasoline across various seasons also has an effect on retail pricing of gasoline. (US Energy Information Administration, 2003) 2. Explain what Marathon could do to keep the price at the pump the same without losing profits if g lobal crude production decreased by 10%. In such a situation strategic alliances should be formed on the basis of which Marathon can make bulk purchases and at cheaper rates. If such step is not taken then Marathon will not be able to maintain a stable profit margin. By doing this Marathon will be able to purchase inventory to stock up at cheaper costs and also at the same time have enough fuel supply which would be enough to carry out operations even if there is a supply disruption of crude oil. Marathon can employee the use of

All characters in the novel Essay Example for Free

All characters in the novel Essay All characters in the novel Of Mice and Men are either lonely, bored or in need of escaping from the soulless existence of the itinerant labour. It is based on a society of men leading empty lives, trapped in a lonely life, consisting mainly of hard physical work. There was not enough happiness, love and affection in their lives. The novel is set in California, the Southern states of America, in the 1930s around the time of the Great Depression. The ranch is based in Soledad; which is the Spanish word for Loneliness. The bunkhouse that the men sleep and live in is a long and rectangular building. The walls are white washed and the floor unpainted. In three of the four walls are small, square windows. In the fourth one was a solid door with a wooden latch. There are eight bunks, all with a nailed apple box over them with the opening forward. This made two small shelves for the personal belongings of each ranch hand occupying the certain bunk. On these shelves were little articles, soap, razors, talcum powder, Western magazines, medicines, little vials, combs and a few neckties. There was also a black cast iron stove, and a big square table in the centre of the room, with scattered playing cards across it, and surrounding the table were boxes for the men to sit on. The bunkhouse also had lice and roaches in it! Carlson and the other ranch hands all dream of owning their own land and living and working from this, resulting in wealth and happiness. This was known as the American Dream, this is shown as an opportunity to all people no matter how rich or poor they are. There is a lot of government propaganda, informing people that if they work hard and push their ambitions to the limit, they can make this dream reality. However they all knew, no matter how hard they worked or how successful they were, it was very unlikely of this dream ever becoming reality. Their way of escaping this disappointment was to collect their fifty bucks at the end of the month and of a weekend spend all of it on women and alcohol, usually at the nearest cat-house. During the week they play cards games or horseshoes. Crooks is very lonely, this is due to the fact that he is coloured and everyone knows him as a nigger! He is treated completely differently to all the others, an outsider. He is also crippled, after a horse kicked him and severely damaged his back. In the 1930s it was very racist in America and the coloured people werent allowed to speak up or were too scared to defend themselves in fear of what the white people would do to them. This is the situation Crooks is in. However he is the only coloured person at the ranch, so he has to accept all racial comments on his own. He has his own separate room, which isnt even a room it is a shed that leans off the side of the barn wall. He is isolated from everyone else, therefore unable to socialise. On one occasion Lennie entered the barn to see his pup. He saw Crooks light shining and stood in the doorway of Crooks room. Crooks saw him and said sharply you got no right to come in my room. This heres my room. Nobody got any right in here, but me. He then followed with I aint wanted in the bunkhouse and you aint wanted in my room, they play cards in there, but I cant play because Im black. They say I stink. Well, I tell you all of you stink to me. Crooks reads to amuse himself when he has nothing better to do. This keeps his mind off of the atmosphere and situation he is surrounded by in his everyday life. Curleys wife is perhaps one of the loneliest characters, trapped in her strict and original womans/wifes role. Her daily routine only ever consists of her doing housework, such as cooking Curleys dinner, washing Curleys clothes, making Curleys bed, cleaning Curleys house, etc. If Curley catches her talking to the ranch hands he is always very annoyed by it, she is to stay in the house. She is known as Curleys wife, no one knows her name so they cannot call her by it. One time when she enters the bunkhouse and begins to talk to the ranch hands, Crooks suggests Maybe you better go along to your own house now. We dont want no trouble. It is this idea that she is trouble that makes Curleys wife so upset and angry. Well, I aint giving you no trouble. Think I dont like to talk to somebody ever once in a while? Think I like to stick in that house alla time? Having a husband even makes her loneliness worse, because Curley is so strict about whom she socialises with and what she does. She calls him sarcastically a Swell guy, who Spends all his time sayin what hes gonna do to guys he dont like, and he dont like nobody. Curleys wife tries to escape her loneliness and sadness by dreaming of being an actress or a model. She had been offered the chance before I tell you I could of went with shows An a guy tol me he could put me in pitchers. Curleys wife is also very good at flirting, this attracts male attention. Therefore just for a moment she is listened to and is the centre of attention, this moment matters so much to her because she is being paid attention to for once, that she makes a very bad habit of it. However the ranch hands have got used to her scheming ways and do not want to risk getting canned because of a tart. However Lennie and George are different to the other ranch hands, they may live a lonely existence, but they have each other. Other than the other ranch hands expressing their feelings about their hopes, dreams, lonely lives etc, George and Lennie are the only characters we really get to know. All other ranch hands havent got a family or anything to look forward to, but it is different with George and Lennie; they believe they have a future and as long as they have got each other, it doesnt matter whether they have a family or not. These men love each other. They talk to each other and know that the other cares for them, because George looks after Lennie, and Lennie looks after George. However, George has a much greater job in looking after Lennie, than Lennie has in looking after George. Lennie is a bit of a dunce and is always forgetting things, but George has the brains. They both are physically well built, but Lennie does not realise his own strength sometimes, he is dangerously strong. Lennie is the physical side of the pair, whereas George is the mental. The fact that they have each other gives them more of a chance of success, than the other ranch hands. Lennie loves George to tell him what; one-day things will be like. Their dream is to one day buy a little house, with a ten acres, a winmill, a kitchen, an orchard to grow cherries, apples, peaches, cots, nuts, and a few berries, a section on the land to grow alfalfa that Lennie will use to feed the rabbits with, hutches and pens full with pigs, chickens, cows, goats, cats, pigeons, a dog and rabbits that Lennie could pet, a smoke house so they could kill the pigs and then smoke it, for smoked ham and bacon etc, and for them to literally live off the fatta the lan'. They would only work six or seven hours a day. Lennie likes to pet, smooth, soft, furry things, as a kind of comfort. Other than for George and animals, love and affection are withheld, not only from Lennie, but also for all the ranch hands. This is why they have their own individual comfort or way of escaping from the repetitive daily routine and loneliness. Candy is a dissimilar character from the other ranch hands. He is very lonely and sad. He has no hand, but a very old dog that he cares for very much. This dog is similar to Candy. They are both very old and when Carlson shoots the dog, because it smells, has no teeth, he cannot eat, is stiff with rheumatism, is nearly blind and Carlson thinks it will be better to put the dog out of his ageing misery. Candy wants people to treat him once he is canned like this. This is because he wont have no place to go, an he cant get no more jobs. The other ranch hands say that he can replace the dog with one of Lulus pups, but of course that wouldnt be the same, never is anyone or anything the equivalent, everyone and everything is unique. Candy seems to think that when he is dead, people will say the same thing about him. When a new ranch hand comes and replaces him, hell be forgotten. For obvious reasons Candy is upset and hurt by this. It is as if the characteristics of his dog and the way the other men treat the dog, symbolises Candy. Candy wants to join George and Lennie in their dream. Candy has already got three hundred bucks and another fifty coming at the end of the month, when the men get paid. He explains that he aint much good, but I could cook, tend the chickens, and hoe the garden some. Then when George and Lennie get their fifty bucks each at the end of the month, they will have four hundred and fifty bucks, and although the woman wants six hundred bucks, George thinks she will accept their offer as a deposit and then George will get a job and start to collect the rest, while Candy and Lennie could work on the land as well as sell eggs etc, making more money. This is Candys route of escaping. Everything seems to be falling into place and their dream looks like it could become reality. This is everything a man wants and Candy is thrilled he is part of it. However much their dream looks real, it all ends when Curleys wife tries her old tricks with Lennie. Curleys wife enters the barn, as Lennie sits there mourning over his pup, he has just accidentally killed! George has already warned Lennie about Curleys wife, says she is trouble, so Lennie refuses to talk to her, George says I aint to have nothing to do with you- talk to you or nothing. Curleys wife says in a innocent voice, All the guys got a horse-shoe tenement goin on, so Why cant you talk to me? She eventually persuades Lennie that it is safe to talk to her. They talk for ages and Lennie tells her how he likes to pet nice things with my fingers, sof things. She tells Lennie to feel right here, on her hair. Lennie was enjoying stroking her hair until she warned him not to muss it up. She then got angry because Lennie wasnt listening to her. She went to pull away and Lennie clasped his fingers tightly in her hair and wouldnt let go. She began to shout, you let go. Lennie began to get scared because he thought George would hear and go mad. He covered her mouth and nose to prevent her screaming, and continued to beg her to be quiet. She continued to struggle and he shook her. Suddenly her body flopped like a fish. She was dead! Lennie ran to the brush that George had told him to hide in when they first arrived in Soledad if he ever got into trouble. When Candy found Curleys wife dead and told all the ranch hands, they all knew it was Lennie! Most of the men wanted to kill Lennie, but George got there first. George knew that Lennie would be scared if half a dozen men ran towards him shooting, but if George was to do it at the back of his head, just like Candys old dog it would be pain free. When George found him, Lennie asked for the story of their dream to be told to him and questioned George why he wasnt mad at him, but obviously if this was Georges last moments with Lennie he didnt want to be mad at him. As George told the story and paused every so often, Lennie would say go on or Gonna do it soon as if he knew what George was about to do and was encouraging George to get it over and done with. George finally shot Lennie. Lennie jarred forward and the settled peacefully as he lay on the sand. George just sat stiffly and silently n the bank, looking at his hand that had just pulled the trigger disgustedly. George knew it was for the best, where ever they were to go Lennies unrecognised strength would lead to trouble; it had already, both in Weed and Soledad. Lennie was trapped by his strength. Although, Lennie has now been released from pain by no longer being able to kill others and from not getting shot by half a dozen men cruelly, but peacefully by George. The upsetting thing is, that Lennie was so afraid of being alone and away from George, and now he was just that. It was all over!!! George is now free; he is no longer trapped by his want of freedom, of constantly looking after Lennie. I think the novel tries to give us the message that people try to lead their lives as successfully as possible, in order to result in the best possible outcome. However this is very hard to succeed. The ranch hands wanted the American Dream to become reality, but is very unlikely and as shown does not happen. The novel gave a very positive view of the American dream, but this is erroneous and does not come true. The chances of finding true, lasting friendship and happiness are also very unlikely as it is always spoilt by misfortune, arguments, inconveniences and sometimes death, as in this case.

HOW DOES THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT PHYSICAL FACTORS ON AGRICULTURAL V :: essays research papers

The location of agriculture at all scales is the result of the interaction between physical, cultural and economic and behavioural factors. Farming in Great Britain has been characterized by technological changes in recent decades which has led to massive increases in yields and improved stock rearing. Much of this change is due to the application of scientific research in plant and stock breeding and improved mechanization. But even today agriculture relies heavily on the physical environment. All crops require a specific range of temperature, moisture, soil ands drainage conditions and these factors can be modified by the farmer but only to a limited degree. If we accept that a farmers choice of land usage is controlled by the physical environment, we must identify the optimum conditions and limits to production of any one crop . This will help to identify the spatial pattern of environmental controls. This was central to the ideas explored by McCarty and Lindberg in the Mid West of the USA and gave rise to the Optima Limits Model in 1966. Away from the optimum physical conditions become hostile and production/ yields decline. The optimum is the area where yields are highest and variability best, where soils are fertile, temperature and rainfall ideal and ground surface level for cultivation. Farmers will take account of physical conditions at a local scale when considering which crops to grow. For example, the Moray coast in NE Scotland between Elgin and Lossiemouth is a rich agricultural area where winters are relatively mild and summers averaging 17oC, rainfall occurs throughout the year and is typically 600mm. There are a variety of soils but mainly glacial sandy loams on the higher ground and alluvial soils where there were once areas of open marshy conditions. A variety of crops are grown, both cereal and root crops. However, there are limitations to agriculture in this area. The main problem is that of wind erosion, the sandy loams are light soils which dry out quickly with high infiltration rates. During early spring or late autumn strong winds can pick up the soil and cause localized wind erosion. Despite this being a well-known problem there are few conservation measures; the only evidence being improving the structure of the soil using manure. There have been no attempts to re-establish hedgerows. Wetness limitations occur such as at Plewlands Farm to the north of Gordonstoun and at Begrow Farm to the west towards Hopeman.

The Essence of Attribution Theory

There are many reasons why an individual behaves in a particular way. Correspondingly, there are numerous guesses a person makes about the behaviors and characteristics of another. This is the essence of attribution theory. Since its development, attribution theory has been applied to an array of disciplines. This facet of cognition is not only of interest to social psychologists, but also to educators, sociologists, marketing professionals, management personnel, and those in the medical field. Attribution theory states that humans ‘tend to give a causal explanation for someone's behavior, often by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition' (Myers, 644). As such, it requires three components: an actor, behavior, and observer. For example, if a driver swerves in front of another's car, what is the explanation the latter will provide for the former's action? The observer may conclude that there was an obstacle in the road or that the actor has fallen ill. These two explanations credit situational causes to the behavior. What is more likely, however, is for the observer to attribute the actor's behavior to disposition, such as being a clumsy driver. The way in which an individual perceives another has important implications as it can alter subsequent attitudes and behaviors. Naturally, there are several possibilities why a person acts in a certain manner. Building on the example above, the actor's behavior may be due to drunkenness or automobile malfunctioning. There is a curious phenomenon in attribution theory. As alluded to above, research indicates a high occurence of undamental attribution error, which is ‘the tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition' (Myers, 644). An internal attribution claims that the actor was responsible for the event. Using the ongoing example then, the observer will attribute the actor's behavior to internal, stable characteristics, such as being an aggressive driver. This is true even when other variables are introduced that clearly indicate situational influences. If the observer spots a deer quickly running to the periphery of the road, he is still likely to attribute the actor's behavior as Attribution theory includes providing explanations for one's own behaviors. An individual who receives a failing grade on an examination may attribute this outcome to several reasons, most of which will be situational. He may believe the teacher is incompetent, the examination obscure, or the textbook poorly written. This is an illustration of self-serving attributional bias which indicates ‘a tendency to attribute successful outcomes to dispositional factors and unsuccessful outcomes o situational factors' (Cardwell, 221). Self-serving attributional bias often helps an individual to rationalize an otherwise threatening situation. For example, if the individual who did not pass the examination admitted that he does not understand the material, this will likely lead him to feel uncomfortable about his intelligence or capabilities. To avoid this, he attributes the failure to circumstances beyond his control, which relieves his ego of admitting a personal incompetency. It is nteresting to note that humans usually view another's behavior as stemming from dispositional attributes, regardless of outcome or observable environmental variables, but then conversely attribute their own behaviors to dispositional influences in times of success and situational influences when the outcome is negative. Attribution theory has its origins in the 1950's with the pioneering work of Fritz Heider; his book The Psychology of Interpersonal Relationships was instrumental in the development of this social psychology theory (Brown). He coined the term ‘naive psychology' which describes the way in which laypeople utilize pieces of information to construct explanations of others' behaviors. Edward Jones and Keith Davis' ‘systematic hypotheses about the perception of intention was published in 1965 in the essay ‘From Acts to Dipositions† (Brown, 1). Expanding on Heider's work, Harold Kelley stated that ‘people attempt to function as naive scientists' (Aronson, 118) and he added ‘hypotheses about the factors that affect the formation of attributions: consistency, distinctiveness, and consensus' Brown, 1). ‘Kelley published ‘Attribution in Social Psychology' in 1967†² (Brown, 1). During the 1970's ‘the field of social psychology was dominated by attribution theorists and researchers' (Brown, 1). In the 1980's Bernard Weiner added to the knowledge and scope of attribution theory with his focus on achievement. He identified ability, effort, task difficulty, and luck as the most important factors affecting attributions for achievement' (Attribution Theory, 1). Weiner added locus of control, stability, and controllability to the lexicon of attribution theory. Weiner's theory has been widely applied in education, law, clinical psychology, and the mental health domain' (Attribution Theory, 1). Schank's work on the structure of knowledge, particulary ‘in the the context of language understanding' (Script Theory, 1) is intimately tied to attribution theory. In the 1990's attribution theory was applied to the health care field with the works of Lewis and Daltroy (Attribution Theory). Additionally, ‘attribution theory applied to career development is provided by Daly (1996) who examined the attributions that employees held as to why they failed to receive romotions' (Attribution Theory, 1). Most recently, this influential theory has been utilized in studying phenomena such as consumer behavior and advertising Naturally the applications of attribution theory, due to its pervasive and pliability, are limitless. Understanding why people behave in one way over another and how an individual perceives others can lead to important developments in a variety of disciplines. Researchers have studied the different attribution attitudes of females and males. One's attribution style and his corresponding projection during counseling has been investigated. Seligman proposed an attribution model, which provides an explanation of learned helplessness (Schultz & Schultz). Even the children of holocaust survivors have not escaped the grasp of attribution Law is affected by attribution theory in that it comes into play when judges, lawyers, and jurors attempt to understand why a person committed a crime. Marketing and advertising specialists wish to know why consumers behave in a particular way and how their perceptions influence their consumption. Prudent managers seek insight into their employees' perspectives and consequent behaviors. Sociologists study how attributions affect the development of prejudices. The health care practices and attitudes of patients are of obvious importance to medical professionals. It appears the application of attribution theory to information technology is a newly developing area of interest. With a growing movement of educational reforms, it seems attribution theory will be increasingly directed toward this area of humanity. In fact, educational professionals are eager to examine and apply the principles of attribution theory to the learning process. Of particular interest to both educators and researchers are high- and low-achievers. ‘Since 1960, hundreds of studies have contributed to understanding why some are highly motivated to achieve and and others are not' (Tucker-Ladd, 1). Researchers have found that ‘high achievers will approach rather than avoid tasks related to succeeding because they believe success is due to high ability and effort which they are confident of' (Attribution Theory, 1). This means that failure is typically attributed to external variables, hich leaves their self-esteem intact. Low-achievers, on the other hand, ‘avoid success-related chores because they tend to (a) doubt their ability and/or (b) assume success is related to luck or to ‘who you know' or to other factors beyond their control' (Attribution Theory, 2). Therefore, when low-achievers experience success they tend to find it less rewarding than high-achievers because there exists no sense of personal influence over the outcome. Within the gifted and talented population of students, there is a segment of under-achievers. Under-achievers are those individuals in which a discrepancy between ability and performance exists. Educators are oftentimes unable to effectively manage such students who exhibit above average intelligence and capabilities but who are, for whatever reason, not performing at levels that correspond to such abilities. Research indicates that attributions which then affect motivation are a common cause of such under-achievement. It is an intuitive statement to say that modifying one's attributions will then create changes in one's motivation. It logically ollows that increased motivation will lead to increased efforts. These psychological phenomena are of particular interest to educators of gifted and talented under- achieving students as they can utilize such findings to increase performance. While some research has attempted to shed light on this particular educational occurrence, more investigation is necessary to obtain a fuller understanding. Furthermore, how such findings apply to the learning process is of utmost importance to educators that serve this subpopulation. Particular attention to the ttributional style differences between female and male gifted and talented students will enable educational personnel to more accurately attend to the needs of such learners. More specifically, the attributional style differences between middle school female and male gifted and talented under-achieving students and how this contributes to poor academic performance is valuable area of educational and psychological research. The findings of such research will undoubtedly enable school personnel to more effectively attend to the needs of this subpopulation with the ultimate end of aligning their performance with that of their ability.